Stars never move relative to each other. They only appear to move across the sky because of the movement of the Earth. Only one Star appears not to move - the North or Pole Star. This star can be used in the northern hemisphere to find north.

Looking at the Big Dipper, draw an imaginary line between the 2 stars that from the front of the dipper and continue it about 4 times that distance between those stars to find the North Star. This star lies over north on the horizon.

Stars rise in the east and set in the west.

Venus can be seen in the west 3 hours after sunset.

N-S by the Equal Shadow Method

-Place a stick vertically in flat sandy ground. This stick should be placed before noon and should cast a shadow at least a foot long.

-Place a stone or peg at the shadow tip.

-Draw an arc the radius of the shadow with the stick as the center.

-The sun's shadow becomes shorter at noon and then starts to get longer and it will cross the drawn arc.

-Mark the spot where the shadow crosses the are.

-Draw a line straight line though the marks and this is the East

-West line.-Draw a line perpendicular to the line and it will indicate North-South.

-Point hour hand towards sun.

-The South is half way between the hour hAND 1200 hours (noon). North is in the opposite direction.